Masa versus Masa Harina versus Masarepa

It’s the basis for everything from tortillas to arepas to the Salvadoran/Honduran corn cakes called pupusas. The corn flour used in Latin American cooking is made from precooked corn; this distinguishes it from cornmeal, which is ground from uncooked dried corn. But unless you’re familiar with the various corn flour terms, it’s easy to confuse them.

Here’s a guide.

What it is: Moist dough traditionally made by grinding nixtamalized corn kernels. Nixtamalized corn has been cooked and soaked in limewater, an alkaline solution of water and calcium hydroxide, which breaks down and gels some of the corn’s carbohydrates and makes the corn taste nuttier and more complex (think corn chips). The precooked corn is ground until it forms a mixture that holds together (masa is Spanish for “dough”); masa can also be made instantly by mixing masa harina (harina means “flour”) with water.

What it is: Masa that has been dried and ground again into flour (hence its name, “dough flour”).

Common applications: Tortillas, tamales, pupusas, empanadas, sopes, gorditas, as a thickener for soups

Common brands: Maseca (labeled “Instant Corn Masa Flour”) (above left), Bob’s Red Mill

What it is: Instant corn flour made from precooked corn that has not been nixtamalized.

Common applications: Arepas

Common brands: P.A.N. (above right), Goya, Maseca CentroAmericana, Areparina